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Als Anne Hyde in ihrer heimlichen Ehe mit Jakob II. (VII.) Stuart schwanger geworden war und Letzterer sie offiziell heiraten wollte, war die Reaktion ihres Vaters sehr verletzend: "Her father was distraught at the thought of a commoner [seine Tochter] marrying so exalted a person, declaring that he would rather have her James's [Jakobs] whore than his wife and demanding that she be sent to the Tower. ... Henrietta Maria [die Mutter von Jakob II. (VII.) Stuart] was equally distressed, and James himself had second thoughts. Some of his friends [Sir Charles Berkley, Lord Arran, Jermyn, Talbot und Henry Killigrew] came forward to claim that they had had liaisons with Anne [später entschuldigten sie sich bei Anne Hyde für diese Verleumdungen], and that she was quite unsuitable as a wife for the Duke. It was behaviour which disgusted the King [Karl II., den Bruder von Jakob II. (VII.)]. He had little time for the vacillations of his dull-witted, ungracious brother, and firmly insisted that he honour his obligations. James did so, and, although he was not a faithful husband, Anne soon established a remarkable ascendancy over him what was to prove, on the whole, a highly successful marriage and one which was to provide England with two Queens." (in: Christopher Falkus: The Life and Times of Charles II, id., pp. 79-82).
Anne Hyde, die einzige Tochter von Edward Hyde, wurde im Jahr 1654 von der ältesten Schwester von Karl II. Stuart, Maria Stuart (1631-1660), der verwitweten Prinzessin von Oranien, zu einer ihrer Ehrendamen ernannt. In ihrem kleinen Notizbuch machte sie folgenden Eintrag: "I was born the 12 day of March, old stile, in the Yeare of our Lord 1637 at Cranborne Lodge, near Windsor, in Berkshire, and lived in my owne country till I was 12 yeares old having in that time seen the ruin of Church and State and the Murtheringe of my Kinge." (in: Marie Ruan Hopkinson: Anne of England – The Biography of a great Queen, id., p. 11).
Anne Hyde "was a plucky girl, with wit, fine intelligence and sound common sense. In addition, a strict religious upbringing had instilled in her a strong sense of morality and personal dignity which was never to be set aside. She was no beauty, yet in her youth she had a pretty figure and lovely hands, and the kind of captivating good looks ..." (in: Marie Ruan Hopkinson: Anne of England – The Biography of a great Queen, id., p. 12). Im Jahr 1656 begleitete Anne ihre Herrin Maria Stuart zu deren Mutter Henriette Maria nach Frankreich, und dort verliebte sie sich in den jüngeren Bruder von Maria Stuart, Jakob II. (VII.) (1633-1701). "[Jakob] was then twenty-two years old, tall and good-looking. He had fought in the French war against Condé and gained a reputation for courage which gave him a certain glamour that hid his many bad characteristics from this impressionable girl of eighteen [Anne Hyde]. The Duke [Jakob II. (VII.)] was still dependent upon his mother, who had always been severely strict with him ..." Anne Hyde machte einen großen Eindruck auf Letzteren, wie er seinem Tagebuch anvertraute: [Man schrieb sich selbst immer in der dritten Person an!] "When his sister the Princess Royale came to Paris to see the Queen Mother, Mistress Anne Hyde was one of her maids of honour who there attended her. It happened that after some conversation together, the Duke fell in love with her, she having witt and other qualitys capable of surprising a heart less inclineable to the Sexe than that of his Royal Highness in the first warmth of his youth. She indeed shew'd both her witt and her virtue in managing the affaire so dexterously that between the time he first saw her, and the winter before the King's Restoration he resolved to marry none but her, and promised her to do it." (in: Marie Ruan Hopkinson: Anne of England – The Biography of a great Queen, id., p. 13). Für Anne Hyde, so verliebt sie auch war, stand fest, dass sie nur nach der Heirat mit Jakob II. (VII.) das Bett teilen würde. Im November 1656 begab sich Maria Stuart mit ihren Ehrendamen zurück zu den Niederlanden. Einen Zwischenstopp legte sie in Brügge ein, wo sich bereits auch ihre Brüder Karl II. und Jakob II. (VII.) befanden. Anne Hyde war hier schließlich bis in den Frühling 1657 hinein mit ihrer großen Liebe zusammen, bis letztendlich nach den Niederlanden aufgebrochen wurde. Hier in Breda heirateten Jakob II. (VII.) und Anne Hyde schließlich am 24. November 1659 in aller Heimlickeit. Weder Jakobs noch Annes Familie hatten die geringste Ahnung.
Ende Mai 1660 kehrte Annes Familie zurück nach England. Karl II. Stuart war als König von England, Schottland und Irland anerkannt worden, und Annes Vater lebte nun mit seiner Frau und seinen Söhnen im Worcester House. Er bat um die Entlassung seiner Tochter Anne aus den Diensten von Maria Stuart und deren Rückkehr nach England, denn ein Erbe eines adligen Hauses hatte bei ihm um die Hand von seiner Tochter gebeten. Zu dieser Zeit hatte jene jedoch große Probleme. Ihr Gatte Jakob II. (VII.) Stuart hatte bisher immer noch nicht den Mut gefunden, seinem älteren Bruder Karl II. Stuart seine heimliche Heirat zu gestehen, obwohl Anne seit einigen Monaten schwanger war. Schließlich gestand Jakob II. (VII.) seinem Bruder die heimliche Eheschließung "that they [Jakob und Anne] had long been contracted, and that she was with child, and upon his knees, with tears in his eyes, he begged his brother's permission that he might publicly marry her; and if his Majesty would not give his consent he would immediately leave the Kingdom and must spend his life in foreign parts." (in: Marie Ruan Hopkinson: Anne of England – The Biography of a great Queen, id., p. 18).
Annes Vater Edward Hyde war außer sich, als man ihm von der heimlichen Eheschließung seiner Tochter erzählte: "... He broke out into a very immoderate passion against the wickedness of his daughter and said, with all imaginable earnestness, that as soon as he came home he would turn her out of his house as a strumpet to shift herself, and would never see her again. ... If that were true he was well prepared to advise what was to be done: that he had much rather his daughter should be the Duke's whore than his wife; in the former case nobody could blame him for the resolution he had taken, for he was not obliged to keep a whore for the greatest prince alive; and that the indignity to himself he would submit to the good pleasure of God. But if there were any reason to suspect the other, he was ready to give a positive judgment in which he hoped their lordships would concur with him; that the King should immediately cause the woman to be sent to the Tower, and to be cast into a dungeon, under so strict a guard, that no person living should be admitted to her; and then that an Act of Parliament should be immediately passed for the cutting off her head, to which he would not only give his consent but would very willingly be the first man that should propose it." (in: Marie Ruan Hopkinson: Anne of England – The Biography of a great Queen, id., pp. 19-20). Der König wollte diesen "Unsinn" nicht hören. Sein Bruder Jakob II. (VII.) heiratete daher Anne Hyde in der Nacht des 3. September 1660 im Worcester House offiziell mit der Erlaubnis des Königs. Der Rest der Familie von Jakob II. (VII.) hingegen war gegen diese Heirat: "... that the Princess of Orange [Maria Stuart] had taken a very strong stand against the recognition of the marriage. The Queen Mother in Paris ... had written a furious letter to the Duke [Jakob II. (VII.)], full of indignation that 'he should have so low thoughts as to marry such a woman.' ... the Queen now wrote to the King 'that she was on the way to England to prevent with her authority so great a stain and dishonour to the Crown.' ... [the Queen Mother now in England] flew into a temper and publicly declared that: 'Whenever that woman [Anne Hyde] should be brought into Whitehall [wo sie ihre Unterkunft hatte] by one door, the Queen should go out of it by another door and never come into it again.'" (in: Marie Ruan Hopkinson: Anne of England – The Biography of a great Queen, id., pp. 25/29-30). Sie konnten es jedoch nicht ändern: Anne Hyde wurde die offiziell anerkannte Gattin des Herzogs Jakob II. (VII.) Stuart. Und die Meinung über Anne Hyde änderte sich schließlich sowohl bei Maria Stuart wie bei der Königinmutter: "The day before his mother left England, James presented his wife to her at the palace. The Queen embraced her daughter-in-law as graciously as though she had wished for the marriage from the beginning." (in: Marie Ruan Hopkinson: Anne of England – The Biography of a great Queen, id., p. 30).
"After the acknowledgment of their marriage, the Duke and Duchess of York [Jakob II. (VII.) Stuart und Anne Hyde] were given apartments in the King's palace of Whitehall." (in: Marie Ruan Hopkinson: Anne of England – The Biography of a great Queen, id., p. 33). Im Sommer 1663 wurde schließlich der St. James's Palace ihr neues Zuhause.
"In everything but in his love affairs [Jakob II. (VII.) hatte viele Mätressen], the Duke of York is supposed to have been very much under the influence of his wife. The Duke's treasurer, Mr. Povy, told Pepys that the Duchess [Anne Hyde] 'do now come like Queen Elizabeth, and sits with the Duke of York's council, and sees what they do; and she crosses out this man's wages and prices, as she sees fit for saving money, but yet, he tells me she reserves £5,000 a year for her own spending.'" (in: Marie Ruan Hopkinson: Anne of England – The Biography of a great Queen, id., p. 38).
Anne schenkte ihrem Gatten acht Kinder, von denen nur ihre Töchter Maria (oder Mary) und Anne das Erwachsenenalter erreichten. Ihre Kinder waren: 1. ihr Sohn Karl, Herzog von Cambridge, der am 22. Oktober 1660 geboren wurde und bereits am 5. Mai 1661 starb; 2. ihre Tochter Maria (oder Mary), geboren am 30. April 1662, gestorben am 28. Dezember 1694; 3. ihr Sohn Jakob, Herzog von Cambridge, geboren am 11. oder 12. Juli 1663, gestorben am 20. Juni 1667; 4. ihre Tochter Anne, geboren am 6. Februar 1665, gestorben am 1. August 1714; 5. ihr Sohn Karl, Herzog von Kendal, geboren am 4. Juli 1666, gestorben am 22. Mai 1667; 6. ihr Sohn Edgar, Herzog von Cambridge, geboren am 14. September 1667, gestorben am 8. Juni 1671; 7. ihre Tochter Henriette, geboren am 13. Januar 1669, gestorben am 15. November 1669 und 8. ihre Tochter Katharina, geboren am 9. Februar 1671, gestorben am 5. Dezember 1671.
"Being, like all the Hydes, extremely fond of good food, the Duchess [Anne Hyde] was indeed growing very fat. Count Grammont says: 'The Duchess of York was one of the highest feeders in England, and she indulged herself in it as indemnifications for other denials. It was really an edifying sight to see her at table. The Duke on the contrary being incessantly in the hurry of his new fancies [seine unzähligen Geliebten], exhausted himself by his inconstancy, and was gradually wasting away, whilst the poor Princess gratifying her good appetite grew so fat and plump that it was a blessing to see her.' But she was still charming and much admired, for as Grammont goes on to say: "The Duchess since her elevation had conducted herself with such prudence and circumspection as could not be sufficiently admired. Such were her manners, and such the general estimation in which she was held, that she appears to have found the secret of pleasing everyone.' ... Sir John Reresby schrieb über Anne: 'She was a very handsome woman, and had a great deal of wit, therefore it was not without reason that Mr. Sydney, the handsomest youth of his time, of the Duke's bedchamber, was so much in love with her as appeared to us all, and the Duchess not unkind to him, but very innocent. ..." (in: Marie Ruan Hopkinson: Anne of England – The Biography of a great Queen, id., pp. 44-45).
Über ihren Tod lesen wir: "According to her husband's 'Memoirs', on the morning of March 31st she became so ill that she besought him not to leave her until after her death. If any of the Anglican bishops wished to come to her, she asked the Duke to tell them that she was reconciled to the Church of Rome and had actually partaken of the Sacrament. If they still insisted upon seeing her, they might come into her room, provided that they did not disturb her with controversial matters. Poor neglected Queen Catherine had always been very fond of her clever sister-in-law. She wished to be with her when she died ... Throughout that day Catherine and James sat by the bedside of the dying woman. ..." (in: Marie Ruan Hopkinson: Anne of England – The Biography of a great Queen, id., p. 59). Sie starb am Abend dieses Tages.
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Frauen in der Renaissance – 30 Einzelschicksale
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