"In 1715 Philippe [II.], duc d'Orléans, was forty-one years old. Conveniently for those who want to know what he was like, we can go straight to the source: with admirable (if, for him, exceptional) impartiality, that memorialist of genius, the duc de Saint-Simon, has left us a full description of the man and the ruler. 'M. le duc d'Orléans,' he wrote, 'was of only ordinary tallness at most, quite fleshy without being fat; he had an easy expression and way of carrying himself; his face was wide, pleasant, quite ruddy, his hair black as was his wig ... His face, his gestures, all his manners were imbued with the most perfect graciousness, and it came to him so naturally that it adorned even the least and most common of his actions. With great ease of manner, when not feeling constrained, he was kind, open, welcoming, easily accessible and charming, with a pleasant tone of voice and a gift of words which was particular to him ... marked by an ease and simplicity not be excelled by anyone ... The great figures of history and their lives were familiar to him, and so were the intrigues of earlier courts and of the one he lived in. To listen to him, one would have thought he was very well read, but nothing could be further from the truth. He skimmed rapidly but his memory was extraordinary, so that he forgot neither the incidents nor the names nor the dates ... He was extremely witty, and in several ways ... His unusual perspicacity was coupled with such judgment that he never would have taken the wrong course in any of the world's affairs if he had only followed his first impulse ... He was naturally kind, humane and accessible to pity ... He loved freedom as much for others as for himself.' ... This enormously talented man was a highly competent chemist, a gifted and successful general and ... a daring and effective statesman. After the rigid intolerance which had marred the last reign [unter Ludwig XIV.], the Regency [Philippe II. war der Regent des noch minderjährigen französischen Königs Ludwig XV.] proved itself open, flexible, tolerant. More unusual still for his time, the duc d'Orléans was a good and loving father who single-handedly saved his daughter Elisabeth when she caught smallpox and was given up by the doctors ..." (in: Olivier Bernier: Louis the beloved – The Life of Louis XV, p. 10).